Psychotechnology:
Schlafforschung:
Investigation of human sleep Since the days of Hans Berger, the electroencephalogram ('brain waves'; EEG) has played a central role in the investigation of sleep. An important milestone was the standardization of sleep scoring (Rechtschaffen and Kales, 1968) on the basis of the EEG, chin muscle tension (measured by the electromyogram, EMG) and eye movements (measured by the electrooculogram, EOG). Presently, modern methods of signal analysis are increasingly used to monitor the changes of the sleep EEG and to characterize the sleep process.
EEG und Sound:
Wissenschaft:
Sonification of Multiple Electrode Human Scalp Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Hypothesis: Irregular EEG sequences show rapid and short-time synchronization during cognitive events and perception. If we assume a musical paradigm this can be compared to instruments playing together but independently and synchronize for short periods of time. We expect that the human ear has developed special capabilities to detect those synchronization events.
Art:
Alvin Lucier: Music for Solo Performer 1965 (wahrscheinlich der Pionier!)
I sit in front of an audience with little electrodes (EEG) on my scalp which are routed to a little amplifier, which goes to several amplifiers and loudspeakers, which are directly coupled to percussion instruments, timpani, cymbals, gongs and all sorts of drums. If and when I produce alpha waves, which are one of an array of brain-wave patterns that we all have, low frequency sounds bump through the loudspeakers and play the percussion instruments.
Score in: Alvin Lucier; Reflexionen, Köln 1995 (hab ich zu Hause)
EEG und Visuals:
Art:
DataDreams Morpheus' embrace (1995)
During the project
Jos de Mul slept in the museum in Almere connected to a device that measured
the electrical activity of his brains. This two-channel EEG-device, built by
ORION Electronics enabled us to determine when the subject entered the REM-period
of his sleep. In essence, the REM-period is the moment in our sleep when we
are dreaming. This EEG-device was connected to a PC, in turn connected to the
internet by means of a dialup ppp connection to the website Moir Brandts Honk.
A program, written by Mateor, filtered the EEG-input and established when a
REM-period occured and started a batch file with a random image name input to
produce a morph animation. This animation in MPEG format was subsequently put
on the web.
(with Some
notes and sources about REM-sleep, EEG and dreaming)
Terrain_02: Solar Robot Environment for Two Users / 2 (siehe auch weitere <<Terrain>>-Series Projekte)
Two users sit facing each other, wearing interfaces of a brainwave detection sysytem on their heads. Between the two is a round glass table where the solar robots live. The brain waves of the users are measured, analyzed and compared. The alteration in wave patterns determine the speed, behavior and the terrain areas of activity. The movement of the robots will be lively if the users minds sre calm.
BRAINSCORE (ist sehr komplext, aber spannend)
BRAINSCORE is a
system for incorporeal communication. Communication codes, which we developed
through consideration of social aspects, are becoming old-fashioned and awkward
due to increasing complexity of information technology. While until recently
the body presented some help in communication as a gestural interface, it now
faces great incompatibility and apathy in transferring and mediating information.
We do not refer to the body as a biological construction, which we need to redesign
and accelerate to be able to keep up with the techno-evolution. Rather, the
body is superfluous in virtual communication environments and can easily be
replaced by any virtual entity or data object. The role of a communication mediator,
which has been imposed upon by an information environment, moves from the biological
body to technological interfaces through semantic and functional layers. Thereby
basic codes, which alter perception of communication phenomena, are changing.
(siehe auch Description und Scheme)
REM Static (siehe auch Biotechnology: Breath I - IV)
REM Static (1999) includes three monitors concurrently displaying close up shots of undulating skin and muscle. The undulations are sometimes gentle and sensual and at othertimes violently rapid. They were caused by 'electro stimulation' therapy used on the sitter. This means a small amount of electricity was passed through the muscles of the sitter via pads or 'electrodes'. This caused the sitter's muscles to rapid fire in complex twitching patterns that might normally only be seen when a person is in deep REM sleep.
Collaborators in Art with Technology (schon ziemlich alt!)
In 1975, Nina Sobell installed Interactive Brainwave Drawing: EEG Telemetry Environment at the Contemporary Arts Museum in Houston. The gallery was divided into public and private space: in the private space, a living room environment, pairs of participants sat together on a couch with electrodes attached to their scalps. Their brainwave output was combined and sent through a computer which transformed it into a circular Lissajous pattern which was displayed on the television set before them. This graphic was superimposed on a real-time closed circuit video portrait of the pair. By objectifying participants on the TV, she engaged their egos in the experience. In the public space, a monitor which displayed this internal/external portrait of participants in real time was flanked by four monitors which showed past participants.
Biofeedback-System:
Biofeedback is a modern way of learning about ourselves. It's principle is a cognitive process of learning to be aware of and to control inner bodily functions through monitoring their signals in a real time. Expressed in other words: while doing biofeedback we "feed back" our own body "bio-signals" like heart rate, skin resistance or temperature etc. in a for us perceptible way. Sensitive electronic instruments measure changes expressed by our body in form of electrical potentials or other measurable parameters. These signals are being amplified and then evaluated, mostly by a computer program, and the results are shown as audiovisual stimuli. (Psycho-Interaktiv)
Hautwiderstand:
Mental Games hilft ihnen dabei mit der altbewährten Methode des Biofeedbacks. Sie ziehen sich nur ein Band mit zwei Sensoren ( GSR Sensor ) über die Finger. Diese Sensoren registrieren die Veränderungen ihres Hautwiderstandes (Spiegel des Entspannungs- und Konzentrationszustandes) und integrieren diese in das Spiel.
EMG:
Kunst:
Auf
diesem Gebiet gibt es sehr viele KünstlerInnen, die über Sensoren
live Musik steuern.
Beispiele:
Atau Tanaka / 2
Yoichi Nagashima (geht sehr lange, bis geladen und enthält ausser einer kurzen Einführungen nur Bilder. Hielt am ICMC 2000 Berlin ein Tutorial mit Videos zu den einzelnen Performances mit verschiedenen Sensoren.)
Steim Amsterdam (Firma, die u.a. sensorbasierte 'Instrumente' entwickelt und für viele KünstlerInnen Aufträge ausgeführt hat.)
Produkte (günstig?):